Apparatus for cross-rolling round bodies.



BOSS ROLLING ROUND BONES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1912. #REEBWBD NOV. 20, 1914. 4 1 a r i i 123 179 Patennea Dec. 2U, 13A.

/ a 5103mm;

APPLICATION FILED JULY 12,

tion. to afford great strength, as shown. These carriers are singularly adjustable about their hinges by means of strong set screws, mounted in the uptight 11.' As shown, there is one inwardly acting set screw 22 and two outwardly-acting set screws 2-3 acting on the end oicach carrier 21, for adjusting and rigidly -securing the end of the carrier in respect-to the upright 11.

Mounted in each of the four carriers'in three substantial bearingsce shown, is. a stilt shalt 25. These shafts are driven by the our driven gears .26 secured rigidly upon them and driven by the central gear 16. The axes of these shafits 25 may lie in such a position that if projected toward the exit end of the machine they converge to a common point in the axial line of the pass, so th at the gears 16 and 26 maybe true bevel gears. Manii'cstly, the gears should be designed for the mean Working position of the adjustable carriers 21, although tl1e adjustment oi these carriers will not materially interfere with the proper aCtlOILOf the gears. Each of the shafts 25 has secured rigidly upon it a pair of gears 27.

Each of the carriers 21 is provided with a pair of annular hearing frames 31, each cohiposed of two halves or costings bolted together and to the longitudinal member of the carrier '21. Each of'these hnnular beariug frames 31 affords an annular journal hearing for on annulargear wheel 33, the teeth of which mesh with and are driven by the corresponding gear 27 The annular. ironies are widened near their point of at tachmeut tothc longitudinal members of the carriers 21, so asto ,yfjartly incloso and protect the gears 2?, ass 33 profs rubly of the cross section plainly shown in ,Fig. 4:, a'iforgling shoulders on either side oi the ro v 'of ogear teeth, so that these shoulders and the bases of thegear teeth form respectively the cylindrical our-' nal surfaces and the end-thrust surfaces of the gears. 'lhe imaginary axes of these gears and of the roll oodles that are mounted to turn with them respectively are coincident, and they are parallel with the respcctive inclined driving shafts 25 which actuate them; but the axes are offset from the axis of the pass so as not to intersect the same,- in order to give a feeding effect, as will presently be made clear.

ltigidly bolted or otherwise secured to the inside of each pair of annular gears 33 is a heavy bar or roll support 35 which directly carries the rolling bodies which turn there with. These four bars are preferably mode in irregular shapes to afford clearance without necessitating unduly large. inside diameters of the annular gears 33, which, it will be seen, are respectively concentrlc with only one of the four bars. These bars are shown in end View 111 Fig. 3, and two of own. The gears re 1,123,17o

them. in section in Fig. l. To each of these bars is secured rigidly at two or more points one of the tour intercoiled rolling helices ll 42, 43, ll. The bolts by which the'bars 35'; are secured to the annular gears are shmvn'm one instance at 36 in Fig. l; those of the bars in cross section are obviously not in the plane of section and not, therefore, seen in the figure. Likewise, the bolts that secure the rolling bodies to the bars are not shown, but, for the purposes of understandsing the invention, it is obvious that the rolling bodies could be electrowe'lded or secured in any other desirable manner rigidly to the bars, although preferably they should be readily detachable.

Each of the four helices makes preferably somewhat more than one complete turn around the pass. Each should make contact- With thework'piece at one of its own ends before its other end passes out of contact with the Work piece, assuming, of course, that the work piece is of sufficient length.

As shown in Figs. 2 and '3', two of the helices 42 and id form a pair which act on the Work piece at diametrically opposite points, and the some true of the other pair ll and 43. M

It will be obvious that the contact of each helix on the Work piec' sweep's from end to end of the helix. it will also be obvious from consideration of Figs. 5 to 15, inclusive, that the point of contact of a helix with the Work piece sweeps around the Work piece through an angle oi somewhat less than ninety degrees, that is to say, less than a quarter turn.

The preferred arrangement of the helices and their axes is as follows: The billet and the helices rotate righthandeclly; that is to say, as viewed from the exit end of the machine, lefthundedly or coutraclocliwise. Also the shape of each helix is righthandcd. like the thread of an ordinary screw or cork screw, though thisxcould be reversed Without reversing the direction of rotation. The axis o1 each helix, which is of course an imaginary line, inclines toward the axis of the pass from front to rear, and approaches most nearly to the axis of the pass at the exit end slightly beyond the end of the helix, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

In Fig. 5 the lines ll, 42, 43* and 4:4 are the respcctive axes of the helices, 45 being the axis of the pass. The cross lines' Z2 and 0 indicate the entrance and exit ends of the pass through the helices. At d, beyond the exit end of the pass, the four axes of- ,the helices approach most closely to the axis of the pass, and, consequently, the common perpcodiculars between the axis of the pass and the respective axes of the helices intersect at this point d, as will be clear from Figs. '5 6 considered together. It will be seen that the four axes are arranged symmetrically exo the axis of which runs downward" toward the .ont oi" the machine.

Viewed from the exit end of the pass, the axis lies the right or" the axis of the nose, es seen in Fig. (5,,ifl'i19l6, manifestly, common perpend' ular between these is not fore shoz'tened and correctly measures the oli set of the axis of the roll from the axis of the pass. Obviously also, Fig. 5, being a side elevation viewed lengthof the said common perpendicular,

shows the axis H as apparently crossing the axis oi tl pass at the point (2. Furthermore, both these axes, beingparallel with the plane of the drawing in Fig. 5, correctly show the angle of inclination or obliquity l the axis ll to the axis of the pass. In order to analyze and resolve the oblique r lling action of "*iy point of contact into its components lengthwise of the pass and transverse to the pass. it is convenient to consider any contact point of the helix as coriesponding to a point of a ring-shaped roll ng hotly turning on the same axis. Thus, for example, in considering the helix l n Fig. T, it convenient to compare it in Fig. 8, turning on c. axis and corrsponcling tLe' helix. Figs. 9 to 15, it will that a ring or similarly concave body will in he contact with the piec upproximotely at a point 0ppoto th itcr the in respect to the work piece. Thus, for the i l is side elevation,

the axis a .ouliil be at the top of the Work piece ii figure were .continued toward the h locate at a great distance I but even at the pie asons i lr'ch will he inin from considering F po'nt will be very Go the other common pemendicular at c is o. the poin of contact of such a rin xvii approach t the side toward the 0 rror of Fin. .5, that is to soy, toward the leftncnd riewel From the rear, :is will he apparent i s. and 1%. Where the angle of inclination or obliquity is small. as in lg. and the oll set is small as compa; v Will! the radius of the billet or tube. it will now manifest that as We progress from. the entrance to the exit of the pass the transverse cc iponent of the speed oi rotu .rol ug body as it. makes H 5- a; piece diminishes, princi m l of the diminishing radius oi? rzor oi? the ring or helix, Whereas tl Emdii ll component or feed coniponei ng action increases s u concentric with progressively as the common perpendicular is approached, principally by reason of the increasing angle at which the cross rolling takes place, which angle would reach its inzixin'iuni beyond the exit end of the acl j accnt to the common perpendiculars at d. This increase of the feeding effect is some- What lessened, of course, by the decreased internal radius of the ring or helix toward the exit end of the pass, but the effect of the changing angle of the cross rolling greatly predominates over the effect caused by the decrease of radius.

To illustrate these principles of operation, Figs. 9 to will serve. In Fig. 9 a fragment of the helix is is shown in contact with the'loillet 51 near the entrance to the pass. The axis of the pass is, of course, at the center of the billet. The axis of the helix is shown by the linel l and the point f on this line is the center of motion of the contact point of the helix about its axis 44. Consequently, drawing a line from the point 7" across the center o'f the billet and projecting it beyond the other side Will give the line 9 passing through the point of contact. Obviously, tl will be near the uppermost line oi the billet. Fig. 11 shows a complete ring makingcontact at a similar point in a similar Way. It will be seen from the associated views 12 and 3.3 thatv there is but little skew or obliqu' of the rolling motion. The motion at the point or area of rolling contact is nearly transverse to the length of the billet with a little forward feed due to the slight obliouity. In Fig. 13

bo h the ring and the Work piece are viewed perpendicularly to the point or area in conact, and, therefore, the obliquity, skew, or feed angle is made cor ctly apparent Without any appreciable distortion or foreshortening in the drawing. Consequently, it will he manifest that this obliquity, skew or feed angle between the direction inoti on of the points of the roll in. contact with the billet and a plane perpendicular to the axis of the billet is, at the entrance of the pass, but a sniall fraction of the obliquity at the exit end, and a still smaller free" of the obliquity or inclination of th of the roll to the axis of the pass.

The conditions near the exit end of the pass are illust- :ted by Figs. l0, l4 and 15. Here the point f in the axis 44 of the roll. which is the point around which the point of contact of the roll on the billet is moving, is approximately beside the axis of the pass, instead of well beneath it; and, consequently. the line. ,f' g, extending from the point f perpendicularly through the axis of the pass and the point or area of contact, shows that such point or area of contact is on the side of the billet, is shown in. Figs. 10 and 14, instead of at the top of the billet, as at the entrance end of the pass. Fig. 15, being av If the ring 0 were acting-opposite to 'the.

point d of the pass, Fig. 5, instead of at the plane 0, Fig. 5, the condition would be reached wliereinthe line f-g' lies horizontally in the plane of the axis of the pass and thefeed angle or angle of obliquity of the rolling motion reaches the full measure of the angle of obliquity between the axis of the roll and the axis of the pass.

As already pointed out, in the use of a helix, unlike a ring, the point or area of contact between the helix and the billet or work piece sweeps along the pass, aswell as shifting around the pass, as seen from Figs. 9 and 10. 1

I prefer to design the rolls, whether helices or rings are used, of the rounded cross section of rolling face shown in Figs. 7 and 8. 0 The internal radius of the helix at each point I prefer to proportion for an even reduction of the wall or work piece between the entrance and the exit end of the pass for about three-quarters of the length of the helices, designing the last quarter for action on a uniform radius of billet or work piece, stantially smooth cylindrical surface to the work piece by the time it issues fromthe helices. Preferably,.also, the helices as well as their axes, are symmetrically placed around the pass, so that all four of the helices press upon the work piece at any instant in the same transverse plane. This is best seen in Fig. 3. It is also shown in Figs. 4c and. T.

In Fig. i, the helices are shown making contact with their mid-length. In Fig. 7 they are shown rotated about half a turn, so as to make contact at approximately the entrance end of the pass under the conditions explained in connection with Fig. 9. If two rings 47 are employed in place of one helix, as shown in Fig. 8, it will be seen that there will be a constant rolling action of each ring, instead of a sweeping action of the contact point along the pass. If rings are used in place of the helices, it will be clear that they cannot practicably be placed so that a plurality of them act upon the billet simultaneously at the same cross section. In Fig. 4, two rolling rings or annuliir rolling bodies 55 and 56 are shown acting in advance of the helices. Ring 55 is coaxial with the helix 4A and is designed to be fitted to the corresponding roll sup ort or bar 35 and annular gear 33. The rolling ring 56 is coaxial with entrance end of of the machine through radius of the so as to give a grab-- the billet at approximately the helix 42, and is, therefore, mounted upon the bar 35 thereof. These rings may preferably do very little rolling and serve mainly as rolling guides for controlling the admission of the work piece 51 and mandrel 50. They show, however, that rings and forms of rolls other than helices may be employed in cooperation with the helices, as well as separately therefrom, connection with Fig. 8} It willbe clear that the feeding effect of the rings 55 and 56 will be but slightly less than-the entrance ends of the corresponding coaxial helices, and

therefore they can be properly mounted on the same supports with the respective helices.

In the operation of the machine, it will be understood that the tube .or work piece upon its mandrel 50 isinsggted-through the rolling rings 55 and 56 int0 the'fmouth or the four helices, and, as the rolling proceeds, the work piece is crossrolled, rotating rapidly and advancing through the machine as its wall is reduced in thickness and elongated by the rollin bodies, and itrjs delivered at the exit en the hollow shaft 1e. by: ,adjusting the anadjustable carriers 21 outward the entrance end ofthe pass is made It will beseen thaji gularly slightly, smaller, changes but slightly" the angles between the axes of the rolls and the axis of the pass. Such adjustment alters the size of the exit end of the pass to a much less extent, depending somewhat on how far in the rear of the exit ends of the helices or rolls are placed the pivots 20 about which the carriers are adjustable. I prefer to arrange them as shown, which allows a sli ht variaas explained in and vice versa. Such an adjustment.

tion in the size of the exit end 0 g the pass and facilitates an accurategaging of the external diameter of the tube by the machine, if desired. For any considerable variation in the diameter of the work piece, ter to employ dilierent sets of helices or rolls, rather than to design the machine for a wide range of adjustment with the same rolls. r

It will be seen that with the arrangement.

of helices shown, neousl embraced a single cross section by rolling bodies which the work piece is simultaroll, and, therefore, 'to a considerable extent embrace the Work piece in'a manner not posit is beton four different sides at' are concave in the directionin, which they 'sible with rolls which are'barrel-shaped or,

otherwise convex in the planes of their rolling motion. Consequently,

that the metal of the tube canmorereadily fiowlongitudinally or elongate than if rolled it will be seen between barrel-shaped or disk-shaped rolls,. "a

for example: moreover where a or elongated at two. opposite points manifestly the intemnediategpgrts tube is-rollednl a Chet 1.57a members Wiiic (i Lar 5,. the plane 01 is cause a which make roiiin piece at mare 11 \mrl; piece in i arse plane thueby milsmmltaneausiy sstzrntmily unde billd concave faces.

1 for 115s rcliing round ,0 bodies, the ci mzbination 0i": s'i'vcml roiiing members which hav faces cc-ncnve in the. plane I i n zigflt: hi 3 @3113 the Wait-f 'm'mi;

thimiity (:5 rings mountefi, 51s, fer a. In a mucLIqe c1 rcliing round consizitv iu a combodies, the .mnbination of severzl roiling; 9 :05? rolling element membc s which have roiling faces concave in the plum 0 1 mg; motion and 25, which make r0 about the WOZ'k inks arounq time nit comprisbei'si I iventisn firm 2 uf m'onortioned i0 ceding c0mp0- exit and of the round amiitv of i1 andv an mug 52nd an we 01 more roiling with the first said. roiling" I" cross rolling round bodies, 21 0? a cumnmmc i cross railing 1 sum-minds the pass and comprises 1 pim-aiity of cross railing members mmmteri 113 7021 common supper about a comm-1m axis r-z'fuea, from 11!; an angle iii to the axis of the pass, and an singularly djustable carrier forming said common support, means for driving said members as a .unit, and cooperating rolling elements having driving connections therewith.

9. In a machine for cross rolling round bodies, the combination of a cross rolling helix which surrounds the pass, and means for supporting and driving said helix about its own axis in position offset from and at an angle to the axis oi the pass.

10. In a machine for cross roiling round bodies, the combination of a cross rolling helix which surrounds the pass, and means for supporting and driving said helix about its own axis in position oliset "from and at an angle to the axis of the pass, said. hel x being positioned and proportioned to giv. increased feeding components of its rolling motion toward the exit end or". the pass.

11. In a machine for cross rolling round bodies, a plurality of successive rolling rings encircling the pass and mounted to turn on a plurality of axes oblique to each other and to the pass and offset from the pass axis, said rings being positioned and adapted to give successively increasing feeding movement lengthwise of the pass. 12. In a machine for cross rolling round bodies, a plurality or": successive rolling rings encircling the pass and mounted to turn on a pluralit of axes oblique-to each other and to the pass and of pass axis.

in a machine for cross rolling round bodies, a plurality 0i successive rolling rings enci cling: the pass and mounted to turn on a plurality ol. axes oblique to each other and to the and ollset 1 mm the pass a another plural .y of rolling members positioned to act nearer the exit end oi? the pass.

i l.- In a machine for cross roiling round bodies, a plurality of successive rolling rings encircling the pass and mounted to turn on a plurality of axes oblique to each other and to the pass and offset from the pass axis, and another plurality of cross rolling members mounted to turn on axes coincident with those of the said rings and positioned to act on the Work piece nearer the exit end of the pass.

15. In a machine for cross rolling round bodies, a plurality of successive rolling rings encircling the pass and mounted to turn on a plurality of axes oblique to each. other and. to the pass and oliset from the pass axis, and another plur lity of cross rolling" members mounted to turn on axes coincident with those of the said rings and positioned to act on the work piece nearer the exit end of the pass and adapted to give relatively greater feeding movements. 1

HS. in a machine for cross rolling, a plurali-ty of aogularly adjustable carriers, means for supporting said carriers, one or set from the more cross rolling members supported by eachfoi' said carriers and turning in paths encircling the work piece.

17. Ina maehnie for cross rolling, a in raiity of angularly ad ustahle carriers,

means for supporting said carriersgone or more cross rolling members suppotlted by each ,of said carriers and turningfluii paths encircling the work piece, shafts mounted in the said carriers and geared to the said rolling members, and means for driving the said shafts I 1 18. In a machine for cross rolling, a plnrality of angularly adjustable carriers, means for supporting said carriers, one or more cross rolling members supported by each of said carriers and turning in paths ene'u'ciing the Work piece, annular gears for the so id rolliiig members having" hearings on tit e said carriers, and enacting driving gears for the same, and means for driving "the d driving gears.

19. in a machine for cross rolling, a pinrality of angularly adjustable carriers, means for supporting said carriers, one or more cross rolling members supported by each of said carriers and turning in paths encircling the Work piece, the axes of said patli'slying at a pluralitv of different positions offset from and oblique to the axis of the pass. I

20. In a machine for cross rolling round bodies, the combination of a frame. a plurality of carriers angularly adjustable en the said frame, a plurality of rolling bodies carried by the said carriers and forming a pass, shafts mounted on each of the carriers for actuating the rolling bodies and unwilarly adjustable with the i riers, driven gears mounted on and turning he respective shafts, and a gear for driving them, the projected axial lines of the said shafts converging substantially to inter ect the projected axis of the "pass and the axes of the rolling bodies being parallel with the corresponding shafts out offset from the axisof the pass;

21. In a machine for cross relling mun-cl bodies, the combination of a framea pin rality' of carriers angulariy adiustable on i the said frame, a plurality of rolling bodies carried bv the said carriers and forming a pass, shafts mounted on each of the carriers for actuating the rolling bodies and angu-- lurly adjustable with'the carriers, drive:

gears mounted on and turning: the respective and offset from the axis of the pass, the

along the pass, each of the said bers be ng mounted. upon an axis oblique to and offset from masses paths of motion ofthe rolling faces of the said rolling members encircling the Work piece.

23. In a machine for cross rolling round bodies, the combination of a plurality of cross rolling members acting progressively rolling men1- the axis of the pass, the paths of motion of the rolling faces of the said rolling members encircling the Work piece", and means for driving the said mem- 24. In a machine for cross rolling round bodies, the combination of a plurality of cross rolling members acting progressively along the pass, each of the said rolling mem here being mounted'upon an axis oblique to and offset from he axis of the pass, the paths of motion of the rolling faces of the said roliing members encircling the Work piece, and means for adjusting the said members to vary the of the pass formed by them. I y

25. In a machine for cross rolling round bodies, the combination of a plurality of cross rolling members, each of-she said rolling membersbeing mounted upon an axis oblique to and offset from the axis of the pass, the paths of motion of the rolling faces of the said rolling members encircling the work piece, and means for angularly adjusting the said members.

26. 111 a machine for cross rolling round bodies, a plurality of successively arranged concave rolling bodies the paths of motions of which encircle the pass, said bodies being mounted to turn upon a plurality of axes which are oblique to each other and to the pass and which are ofiset from the mass.

axes oithe pup make obliquely acting rollthe ork piece, and a mandrel' adapted for cooperation in the saidpass with the said rolling members, the Work piece rolling between mandrel.

28. In a machine for cross rolling and reducing the Wall thickness of tubes upon mandrel bars, the combination of a mandrel and two cross rolling rings which have narrow rolling faces that are concave in the planes of their rolling motion and are whereby may be subjected to oblique mounted upon axes offset to each other and to the axis of the mandrel When in its Workingposition and are inclined at an angle to the said axis of the mandrel, the obliquity and the eccentricity of the axes being such encircle the pass, saidthat a substantial longitudinal feeding component of the rolling motion is produced by the rings, the paths of motion of the rolling faces of the rings encircling the mandrel and the centers of rotation of tberespective rings being located in different planes perpendicular to the axis of the mandrel.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two' subscribi'ng Witnesses this 9th day of July, 1912.

LEONARD D. DAVIS.

W'itnesses R. Jeers, Annmznn SWAN.-

said concave faces and the 

